A Mythological Critique of Shamlou's Poem "Loh" Based on Ernst Cassirer's Theory of Modern Myths

Authors
1 PhD in Persian Language and Literature, Visiting Lecturer at Gonbad Kavous University
2 Assistant Professor of Arabic Language and Literature, Gonbad Kavous University
Abstract
"Loh" (Tablet) is one of Shamlou's poems in which symbols from sacred books are depicted as political actors. This article attempts to analyze this poem using the theory of modern myths by Ernst Cassirer. The results of the analysis indicate that in "Loh," the myths have a new function; the poet blends the symbols of Jesus and Moses (peace be upon them) and creates a new hero. This hero has Marxist tendencies and seeks to bring the movement of history to its conclusion and realize his ideal society.

Keywords

Subjects


(In Persian)
The Holy Quran.
The Old Testament, (2015) translated by Pirouz Sayar, Tehran: Hermes.
The New Testament,(Spring 2007) second edition, United Bible Societies Publications.
Abrahamian, Yervand (2015). Iran Between Two Revolutions, translators: Ahmad Golmohammadi and Mohammad Ebrahim Fattahi, Tehran: Ni.
Adorno, Theodor (2007). "Freudian Theory and the Model of Fascist Propaganda", translated by Morad Farhadpour, Organon, Psychoanalysis (2), No. 22.
Al-Hashemi, Ahmad (2004). Jewels of Eloquence in Meaning, Explanation and Creation. Qom: Ismaili Publishing House.
Anis, Ibrahim and Others (2003). Al-Mu'jam Al-Wasit. Translated by Mohammad Bandar Rigi. Volume 2. Tehran: Islamic Publications.
Cassirer, Ernest (2003). The Myth of State, translated by Yadollah Moqen, Tehran, Hermes.
Cassirer, Ernest (2014). Philosophy of Symbolic Forms, Volume 2: Mythical Thought, translated by Yadollah Moqen, Tehran, Hermes.
Cassirer, Ernest (2015). Language and Myth, translated by Mohsen Salasi, Tehran, Morvarid.
Copleston, Frederick (Beta). History of Philosophy, Volume 7, from Fetsche to Nietzsche. Translated by Dariush Ashouri. Out of Place.
Farzaneh, Seyyed Babak, Ali Mohammadi (2012). "Myth in the Poetry of Adonis and Shamlu", Mystical and Mythological Literature Quarterly, Year 8, No. 29.
Hallingdale, R. J. (2008). History of Western Philosophy. Translated by Abdolhossein Azarang. Tehran: Qoqnos.
Jafari, Hassan (2009). “Religion and Myth, A Study of Ernst Cassirer’s Theory of Myth”, Research Journal of Religions, Year 3, Issue 6. pp. 27-54.
Jokar, Manouchehr, Zariji, Aref (2011). “Elements and Themes of Fear in Shamlu’s Poetry”, Adab Pajoohi, Issue 17.
Khademi-Kolaei, Mehdi (2007). “Mythical Figures of Prophets and Ritualists in Shamlu’s Poetry”, Pik Noor, Year 5, Issue 3.
Khodayar, Mustafa (2016). "The Myth of "Cain and Christ" in the Poems of Shamloo and Sayyab", Comparative Studies in Language and Literature of Nations, Volume 2, No. 5.
Magee, Brian (2019). Great Philosophers: An Introduction to Western Philosophy. Translated by Ezzatollah Foladvand. Tehran: Kharazmi.
Naderi, Mahmoud (2008). The People's Self-Determining Guerrillas (From the First Action to Bahman 57), Volume 1, Tehran, Institute of Political Studies and Research.
Nietzsche, Friedrich Wilhelm (2006). The Antichrist. Tehran: Pars Publishing House.
Orwell, George (2007). 1984. Translator: Saleh Hosseini, Tehran: Niloufar.
Parvini, Khalil (2011). “A Comparative Study of Christ (PBUH) in the Poetry of Adonis and Shamlu”, Quarterly Journal of Comparative Language and Literature Research, Volume 2, Issue 3, Autumn.
Pashaei, A. (2009), The Name of All Your Poems, Volume 2, Tehran: Sales.
Qaragozlou, Mohammad (2018). A Bitter History as Narrated by Ahmad Shamlu, Tehran: Negah.
Russell, Bertrand (2015). History of Western Philosophy, translated by Najaf Darya Bandari, Tehran: Parvaz.
Segall, Robert Allen (2015). Myth, translated by Farideh Farnoudfar, Tehran, Basirat.
Selajqeh, Parvin (2013). Amirzadeh Kashiha, Tehran: Morvarid.
Setis, W.T. (1978). Hegel's Philosophy. Translated by Hamid Enayat. Tehran: Pocket Books Co., Ltd.
Shamloo, Ahmad (2006). Collection of Works of Office 1: Poems, Tehran: Negah.
 
(In English)
Baciu, Claudiu (2016) The Meaning Of Political Myth In Ernst Cassirer, Amazon Digital Services LLC.
Barash, Jeffrey Andrew (2000)."Political Mythologies of the Twentieth Century in the Perspective of Hermann Heller, Ernst Cassirer, and Karl Löwith" , Bulletin du Centre de recherche français à Jérusalem, number 6, Spring 2000, pp.121-133.
Carlyle, Thomas (2001). On heroes, Hero Worship and the Heroic in History. The Electric Book Company.
Gobineau, J.A (2012).Essai sur l'inégalité des races humaines. Paris: Stvpress.
Gonzalez-Perez, Margaret (2001). "Myth and Literature as Political Ideology", Quarterly Journal of Ideology, Volume 24, 2001, 3 & 4.
 Lahman , Jason . D (2010) ."The form that fuels the flame: public ritual and the Nazi mythos" , Ex Post Facto, V: XIX, Journal of history, san Francisco state university.
Sinclair, Thornton (1938). “The Nazi Party Rally at Nuremberg,” The Public Opinion Quarterly2, no. 4.