نگاهی به پیرامتن‌های رمان نوجوان براساس رویکردِ ژرارژنت (مطالعة موردی: رمان هستی و عاشقانه‌های یونس در شکم ماهی)

he purpose of this research is to investigate paratextual elements in teenage novels. The most important research questions are: 1. What effect do paratexts have on forming or distorting the meaning of the text? 2.Which of the paratexts in the studied novels play a greater role in conveying meaning? The research method is descriptive-analytical and the method of collecting information is the examination of library documents. The results of the research showed that the title of Hasti's novel as a paratext played an important role in discovering and receiving many unsaid text and character of Hasti for the audience. The design of the cover of this novel has also made many spaces, events and concepts of the novel tangible and tangible for the audience by using signs and elements. The design of two shoe soles with the signs inside them on the cover of the work tells the story of two important and sensitive parts of life before and after the imposed war. The ups and downs of the character's life can be interpreted in the elements and signs on the cover of the novel. The ambiguity and hint hidden in the title of Yunes' romance novel in the belly of the fish made the audience follow the events of the story and read the text until the end. Discovering the relationship between the signs of the title and the text has helped the audience in understanding the unsaid and hidden concepts of the text.