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Showing 5 results for parsapoor
Ecophobic Reading of Literary Texts

Volume 16, Issue 63 (Fall 2023)
Abstract
Coined by Simon C. Estok, ecophobia is a prominent and new approach to ecocriticism and environmental ethics, mainly defined as irrational and groundless hatred of the natural world. The ecophobic reading investigates unwanted human biases towards the environment based on irrational fear and hatred of bio-environmental manifestations in literary works. Ecophobia originates from the duality of self/other, leading to xenophobia in the shadow of an irrational fear of the other, i.e., a woman, race, or other species, in this Coined by Simon C. Estok, ecophobia is a prominent and new approach to ecocriticism and environmental ethics, mainly defined as irrational and groundless hatred of the natural world. The ecophobic reading investigates unwanted human biases towards the environment based on irrational fear and hatred of bio-environmental manifestations in literary works. Ecophobia originates from the duality of self/other, leading to xenophobia in the shadow of an irrational fear of the other. Naturophobia, misogyny, racism, and speciesism occur in a context of xenophobia, and many human behaviors in the face of nature and other human beings arise from fear, and this xenophobia leads to domineering behaviors. After presenting theoretical foundations, the study sought to explain the ecophobic components in literary works and how to apply ecophobia in literary criticism. Ecophobia reads literary works anew, trying to improve this relationship by analyzing and examining the relationship between humans and nature in an ecophobic context and expressing the origins of these fears. The research result demonstrates that two distinct types of ecophobia in literary works can be identified. By displaying neglected environmental fears, those works can play a significant role in correcting human relationships with the environment and making us sensitive to our behavior with the Earth.
Extended Abstract
Coined by Simon C. Estok, ecophobia is a prominent and new approach to ecocriticism and environmental ethics, mainly defined as irrational and groundless hatred of the natural world. The ecophobic reading investigates unwanted human biases towards the environment based on irrational fear and hatred of bio-environmental manifestations in literary works. Ecophobia originates from the duality of self/other, leading to xenophobia in the shadow of an irrational fear of the other, i.e., a woman, race, or other species, i.e., nature. Naturophobia, misogyny, racism, and speciesism occur in the context of xenophobia, and many human behaviors in the face of nature and other human beings arise from fear, and this xenophobia leads to domineering behaviors. After presenting theoretical foundations, the study sought to explain the ecophobic components in literary works and how to apply ecophobia in literary criticism. Ecophobia reads literary works anew, trying to improve this relationship by analyzing and examining the relationship between humans and nature in an ecophobic context and expressing the origins of these fears. The research result demonstrates that two distinct types of ecophobia in literary works can be identified. The first type determines a mythological and historical attitude based on the fears and worries of the past about nature and its phenomena. Expanding our knowledge, understanding, and facilities could have eliminated most fears and worries of phenomena such as earthquakes, floods, storms, droughts, darkness, predatory animals, and even natural changes in the human body, such as illness and aging. Thus, this criticism can bring these fears from our collective unconscious to the level of consciousness and even replace ecophilia with ecophobia in that context. The second type identifies the fear and worries that literature creates in us with all its imaginative and rhetorical capacity to warn about the dangerous phenomena and processes that quietly and secretly take shape and make us aware of the present and future environmental dangers. Such works can play a significant role in correcting the relationship between humans and the environment by showing neglected environmental fears such as water pollution, waste accumulation, nuclear contamination, and species extinction and make us sensitive to our actions with the Earth. Altogether, as the writers try to remove the baseless and unnecessary environmental fears in today's world, enlightening and giving the necessary warnings about the upcoming dangers in terms of human interference in nature, in some of their literary works, they depict our love and need for the nature. Accordingly, various artistic expressions of ecophilia in literary works can create a caring and eco-friendly attitude in the reader by using imagination and emotion effectively. Ecophobic criticism leads to identifying the emotional ethics of texts in terms of what values of nature the text conveys to the reader and what view and feeling it establishes in him/her towards nature phenomena.

Analyzing the mystical subjective experiences in Shams' Diwan Ghazliat based on Gadamer's hermeneutic theory
P.hd Hossenali Ghobadi, Amir Moradi, P.hd Saeed Bozorg Bigdeli, P.hd Zahra parsapoor,
Volume 20, Issue 81 (4-2023)
Abstract
The depictions derived from the subjective mystical experiences, in Molvi's lyrical poetry, have not been analyzed specifically and independently, in one place and in a regular manner; Although in a general way, the types and branches of Molvi's imaginations and imagery have been included in the cycle of research. This research claims that Maulvi was able to express the pure images of his internal and intuitive experiences, which are generally indescribable, in the Ghazalyat of Shams, and this is a rare event that Maulvi went through and managed to express the most abstract experiences. In this research, which is based on the descriptive-analytical method, with library and citation tools, and in the theoretical framework of Gadamer's hermeneutics, after reviewing the opinions of various researchers about the separation of mystical experiences, those poems of Divan Shams which, in particular, are manifestations They are considered to be one of Molavi's personal mystical experiences, based on the current feeling in the ghazal, they are divided into four categories: pride and warning, reprimand and blame, the need to recognize oneself, and joy and forgiveness, and for example, a ghazal from each of these categories is examined. and analysis has been done.
Eloquence rhetoric with an ecological approach (Case study: The novel of the locust shadow)
Ph.d, Hiva Hasanpour, Ph.d, Zahra parsapoor,
Volume 20, Issue 82 (4-2023)
Abstract
 In this study, the formalism of the ecological orientation of the novel Sayeh Malakh is based on the element of simile and using the technique of content analysis. Sayeh Malakh is one of the realist novels in the field of sacred defense literature, the realism of which is depicted in a comparative and tangible linguistic expression. The results of this study show that the simile in this novel is a key element in realizing the events of the story and since the events of the novel have taken place in a rural setting, most of the comparisons are about nature and the environment around which the main narrator lives and his epistemological world is quite familiar with. The environmental comparisons in this novel have played a major role in creating spaces, characterizations, and creating an environmental discourse and calling the environment to the center of attention and preventing it from fading. Most importantly, the analysis of the environmental discourse in this novel is based on three types of fear (fear of starvation, hunting, and darkness) that form the basis of human interaction with the environment.
Security Right in Software (Comparative Study in UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Secured Transactions (Supplement on Security Rights in Intellectual Property), Uniform Commercial Code of America and Iranian Law)

Volume 22, Issue 4 (Winter 2018)
Abstract
Due to the increasing growth of the software industry and its financial value, the issue of using software as collateral has been taken into consideration by the laws of the countries for financing. Security interest in software as a financing instrument in the UNCITRAL Legislative Guide on Secured Transactions (Supplement on Security Rights in Intellectual Property) and Article 9 of the US Uniform Commercial Code is adopted. However, effectiveness against third parties, is subject to registration. if registered, must be filed in the Federal Copyright Office, otherwise the security right must be filed in the secretory State’s Office. In the case of invented software, the current procedure is the dual registration of security interest in the secretory State’s Office and the Federal Patent and Trademark Office.
In Iranian law, collateralization of software has been questioned Because of the intangible nature of it. Some regulations such as Securities Collateral Directive, dated 6/19/2010, securities and shares considered as tangible asset and collateralization of them has been possible. Also, software Proprietary Bonds are securities under the Directive of deposition and transaction of intellectual property bonds. Thus, these securities, like all other securities, are objective, and it is possible to collateral them with physical delivery or prediction of a security right registration system.
 
the comparative study of changes in management of explicitly determined endowments in the legal system of Iran and Iraq

Volume 23, Issue 2 (Summer 2019)
Abstract
Currently, in Iran's legal system, the will of the endower has a crucial role in determining the custodian of the endowment, and the Articles 61 and 75 of the Civil Code assert that no one has the right to change or restrict the power of the explicitly determined custodian, and even in the case of treason the custodian, respecting the will of the endower, the legislator according to the Article 79 of the Civil Code foreseen to add a trustee to the custodian. However, in the legal system of Iraq, the expedient of the endowment and its beneficiaries is preferable to the will of the endower and, in accordance with the Article 19 of the Nezam Al-Motevallin if the actions of the custodian are in contradiction with the material of the endowment and its beneficiaries, due to breach of trust, the privilege of the endowment is dismissed. The results of the study of documents, laws and regulations, and the analysis of the text and content indicate that the approach of the Iraqi legal system that opts for the change of the explicitly determined custodian for the expedient of endowment and its beneficiaries has more positive effects compared with the legal system of Iran while emphasize on to keep the explicitly determined custodian for the respect of the will of the endower. 
 
 
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