Critique of the dialectical context of Hafez's lyric poems

Document Type : Original Research

Author
A. Shahbazi
10.2634/Lire.18.71.3
Abstract
According to many memorizers, Hafez, influenced by the dialectical system that rules the universe, has a strong dialectical thought system and therefore always seeks to know objects and phenomena through their opposites. With this view, he contrasted two phenomena of incompatible or incompatible and created a strong dialectical background, which has led to the prominence of the content and one of the aesthetic criteria of his poetry. Since in many researches about Hafez's poetry, its dual contexts have been studied from different perspectives, but have not been studied according to the dialectical system. In this article, the dialectical contexts of Hafez's sonnets have been studied based on their dialectical elements and synthesis. In this study, it has been found that the most important dialectical contexts of Hafez's lyric poems are asceticism, legislation and mysticism, repentance and breaking repentance, sharia and against sharia, praise and mysticism, reason and love, flattery and opposition to it, hypocrisy and nudity, government and poverty. , Earthly love and divine love, predestination and free will, right and wrong, mortal thinking and mysticism, the memorizer of the Qur'an and the memorizer of the court, of which, in five areas of asceticism and orthodoxy, legislation and mysticism, repentance and breaking repentance, sharia and sharia , Dialectical praise and mysticism is of the first type; That is, thesis and antithesis disappear and a new synthesis is created. In the three fields of reason and love, flattery and opposition to it, hypocrisy and dialectical blindness are of the second type; That is, thesis and antithesis do not disappear, but are promoted in a new synthesis. In the context of government and poverty, the dialectic is of the third type; That is, thesis and antithesis are necessarily paradoxically combined in synthesis. In the context of earthly and heavenly love, the dialectic is of the fourth type; That is, thesis and antithesis are considered as parts of a whole (synthesis). In algebra and discretion, right and wrong, mortalism and mysticism, the memorizer of the Qur'an and the memorizer of the court, is a fifth type of dialectic; That is, thesis and antithesis are proved alternately, but they do not negate each other and do not even reach a clear synthesis. Therefore, it can be said that in Hafez's lyric poems, due to the dual contrasts, there are types of dialectics, and this dialectical background is one of the foundations of the aesthetics of his poetry.

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Subjects

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Literary Research
Volume 18, Issue 71
July 2021
Pages 69-97