Tarbiat Modares University Literary Research 1735-2932 20 80 2023 04 21 A Study of English Translations of Rostam & Sohrab by Dick Davis based on accurate understanding of the poem A Study of English Translations of Rostam & Sohrab by Dick Davis based on accurate understanding of the poem 9 34 23804 2634.20.80.9 FA Elham Khalilijahromi 0009-0001-6114-0416 Sonia Norozi Jafarlo 0009-0006-9464-9661 Journal Article The latest translation of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is the English translation of it, by Dick Davis. In this study, Davis's translation of the story of Rostam and Sohrab has been studied based on Antoine Berman's text deforming theory, And its errors have been criticized and analyzed. Those errors are fitted in some elements of Berman's theory: rationalization, qualitative and quantitative impoverishment, and change of tone (ennoblement or clarification). The findings of this study show that most translation problems are due to misunderstanding of the source text. misunderstanding of the Persian text is rooted in the difficulty of reading Persian and understanding literary texts, especially in poetry, Because of the complexity of its syntactic and rhetorical structure and the cultural differences between the origin and destination society. So the authors of this paper believe just familiarity with the source language is not enough to translate literary texts. Being aware of the Delicacy of the literary language and the cultural roots of the text is also necessary. The latest translation of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh is the English translation of it, by Dick Davis. In this study, Davis's translation of the story of Rostam and Sohrab has been studied based on Antoine Berman's text deforming theory, And its errors have been criticized and analyzed. Those errors are fitted in some elements of Berman's theory: rationalization, qualitative and quantitative impoverishment, and change of tone (ennoblement or clarification). The findings of this study show that most translation problems are due to misunderstanding of the source text. misunderstanding of the Persian text is rooted in the difficulty of reading Persian and understanding literary texts, especially in poetry, Because of the complexity of its syntactic and rhetorical structure and the cultural differences between the origin and destination society. So the authors of this paper believe just familiarity with the source language is not enough to translate literary texts. Being aware of the Delicacy of the literary language and the cultural roots of the text is also necessary.

https://lire.modares.ac.ir/article_23804_53698d898e67a266904e0386e6457dfd.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Literary Research 1735-2932 20 80 2023 04 21 Comparative analysis of mythology about the dispersal belief in Bandar Kang's marine tradition Comparative analysis of mythology about the dispersal belief in Bandar Kang's marine tradition 35 54 23805 2634.20.80.35 FA Badrieh Zarei 0009-0002-8506-8401 Faramarz Khojasteh Atefeh Jamali Journal Article The fear of death was the main concern of the residents and sailors of Bandar Kong, and it made them to resort to beliefs of calamity in order to ward off death and evil and bring natural disasters under their control. This research aims to analyze this belief in the maritime tradition of the residents of this region with a descriptive-analytical method and then analyze them by relying on similar mythological examples. Therefore, in this research, the Belagandari beliefs related to the maritime tradition were first collected in the field and in the form of interviews with women and men, and further, they were analyzed by relying on library studies and books on the mythology of nations. The results of the research also indicated that the belief in wandering among the residents of Bandar Kong was observed in both direct and mediated ways (walking through animals and objects).Beliefs of Balagandari that were indirect include: throwing dates in the sea and saying the call to prayer and reciting the Qur'an during a storm. Intermediate beliefs also include: sacrificing cows, placing chickens with women in the boat, placing Kush shoes in the direction of the wind, and applying henna and animal excrement on the doors of houses. The fear of death was the main concern of the residents and sailors of Bandar Kong, and it made them to resort to beliefs of calamity in order to ward off death and evil and bring natural disasters under their control. This research aims to analyze this belief in the maritime tradition of the residents of this region with a descriptive-analytical method and then analyze them by relying on similar mythological examples. Therefore, in this research, the Belagandari beliefs related to the maritime tradition were first collected in the field and in the form of interviews with women and men, and further, they were analyzed by relying on library studies and books on the mythology of nations. The results of the research also indicated that the belief in wandering among the residents of Bandar Kong was observed in both direct and mediated ways (walking through animals and objects).Beliefs of Balagandari that were indirect include: throwing dates in the sea and saying the call to prayer and reciting the Qur'an during a storm. Intermediate beliefs also include: sacrificing cows, placing chickens with women in the boat, placing Kush shoes in the direction of the wind, and applying henna and animal excrement on the doors of houses.

https://lire.modares.ac.ir/article_23805_231884a40961d48d85736bc5856c5392.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Literary Research 1735-2932 20 80 2023 04 21 Analysis of the role of war literature documents for sociological studies and social policy (a case study of several selected novels) Analysis of the role of war literature documents for sociological studies and social policy (a case study of several selected novels) 55 75 23806 2634.20.80.55 FA Mehdi Saeedi 0009-0000-6294-2712 Journal Article The problem of this research is to propose the role and function of war literature in providing documents for social analysis and policies. For this reason, he shows examples of this function of the literary text in the three topics of "social status of people in southern cities", "consolidation or threat of national identity" and "women". In order to investigate the issue, some examples of stories that deal with these issues have been selected from among the statistical population of war novels, and the content of their narratives in the face of social issues related to the mentioned issues has been counted. The research shows how the narrative of the war has been able to chronicle the daily encounter of the people of southern cities with the social issues caused by the war, and from this point of view, the expert audience gets to know all kinds of problems and social issues caused by the war and solve the problems. And social policies take advantage of it. In the selected narratives, social transformations and instability in the foundations of families due to war, social relations between people and people with the government, displacement and migration due to war and its social consequences for displaced people and destination cities, attitudes towards women and ethnic identities and their impact It stands out from the war. The problem of this research is to propose the role and function of war literature in providing documents for social analysis and policies. For this reason, he shows examples of this function of the literary text in the three topics of "social status of people in southern cities", "consolidation or threat of national identity" and "women". In order to investigate the issue, some examples of stories that deal with these issues have been selected from among the statistical population of war novels, and the content of their narratives in the face of social issues related to the mentioned issues has been counted. The research shows how the narrative of the war has been able to chronicle the daily encounter of the people of southern cities with the social issues caused by the war, and from this point of view, the expert audience gets to know all kinds of problems and social issues caused by the war and solve the problems. And social policies take advantage of it. In the selected narratives, social transformations and instability in the foundations of families due to war, social relations between people and people with the government, displacement and migration due to war and its social consequences for displaced people and destination cities, attitudes towards women and ethnic identities and their impact It stands out from the war.

https://lire.modares.ac.ir/article_23806_5b6f6f2df2bd1f461a19c19f65161223.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Literary Research 1735-2932 20 80 2023 04 21 A Look at the Absence of the Myth of Arash in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh from the Perspective of Paradigm Analysis A Look at the Absence of the Myth of Arash in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh from the Perspective of Paradigm Analysis 77 94 23807 2634.20.80.77 FA Moein Kazemifar Mahmood Rezaei Dasht Arzhaneh Journal Article Although Ferdowsi's Shahnameh contains many narrations of Iranian myths, there are myths, that Ferdowsi did not address for some reason. One of the most controversial myths that are not present in the Shahnameh is the myth of Arash Kamangir. Some scholars believe that Ferdowsi did not intentionally refer to this myth, and others believe that this myth was not in Ferdowsi's sources. However, this research tries to look at this issue from the perspective of "paradigm analysis" And show that in the Shahnameh paradigm, the natural and obvious act is choosing life over death and the act of consciously and intentionally choosing death has never occurred by the heroes. In other words, the choice of deliberate death or martyrdom is an issue that is outside the Shahnameh paradigm. And Arash's myth could not have a place in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh because it is a story in praise of martyrdom. This is the result of comparing the paradigms that govern the Shahnameh and the myth of Arash, while the deliberate choice of death is absent in the paradigm of the Shahnameh, it is emphasized and praised in the paradigm of the myth of Arash. Hence, the paradigmatic contradiction between the two texts has prevented the presence of such a myth in the Shahnameh. Although Ferdowsi's Shahnameh contains many narrations of Iranian myths, there are myths, that Ferdowsi did not address for some reason. One of the most controversial myths that are not present in the Shahnameh is the myth of Arash Kamangir. Some scholars believe that Ferdowsi did not intentionally refer to this myth, and others believe that this myth was not in Ferdowsi's sources. However, this research tries to look at this issue from the perspective of "paradigm analysis" And show that in the Shahnameh paradigm, the natural and obvious act is choosing life over death and the act of consciously and intentionally choosing death has never occurred by the heroes. In other words, the choice of deliberate death or martyrdom is an issue that is outside the Shahnameh paradigm. And Arash's myth could not have a place in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh because it is a story in praise of martyrdom. This is the result of comparing the paradigms that govern the Shahnameh and the myth of Arash, while the deliberate choice of death is absent in the paradigm of the Shahnameh, it is emphasized and praised in the paradigm of the myth of Arash. Hence, the paradigmatic contradiction between the two texts has prevented the presence of such a myth in the Shahnameh.

https://lire.modares.ac.ir/article_23807_1298377a927574130249fdab8e1d122a.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Literary Research 1735-2932 20 80 2023 04 21 The Explanation Of The Role Of Literary Discourse On The Rise Of The First Pahlavi The Explanation Of The Role Of Literary Discourse On The Rise Of The First Pahlavi 95 120 23808 2634.20.80.95 FA Rasoul Mohammadi 0009-0008-3740-3862 Javad Dehghanian Journal Article The main question of this paper is to explain the role of the literary institution in the context of power relations and in particular the arrival of Iranian society into the era of Pahlavi rule. In the meantime, based on Ernest Cassirer's comments, the late literary works of the Qajar period until the first Pahlavi era was evaluated. Contrary to the prevailing approaches to text as abstract, neutral, inactive, and merely reflective of a subject or matter, Cassirer believes that texts as a system of signs are, above all, a set of practices that have the capacity to be the position of agency. On this basis, he believes that the mental construction of the new world is still influenced by myths that are produced and reproduced in various ways and with specific purposes. The results obtained and described by these works show that literature in this period, by creating a particular kind of myths and then expanding and diffusing the mythical insights into heroism and nationalist discourse, provided the basis for the emergence of the First Pahlavi rule. The main question of this paper is to explain the role of the literary institution in the context of power relations and in particular the arrival of Iranian society into the era of Pahlavi rule. In the meantime, based on Ernest Cassirer's comments, the late literary works of the Qajar period until the first Pahlavi era was evaluated. Contrary to the prevailing approaches to text as abstract, neutral, inactive, and merely reflective of a subject or matter, Cassirer believes that texts as a system of signs are, above all, a set of practices that have the capacity to be the position of agency. On this basis, he believes that the mental construction of the new world is still influenced by myths that are produced and reproduced in various ways and with specific purposes. The results obtained and described by these works show that literature in this period, by creating a particular kind of myths and then expanding and diffusing the mythical insights into heroism and nationalist discourse, provided the basis for the emergence of the First Pahlavi rule.

https://lire.modares.ac.ir/article_23808_bf232372187476bd5b8146e467fa85dc.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Literary Research 1735-2932 20 80 2023 04 21 Investigating the lost identities of Afghan immigrants due to the stigma of nationality in the collection of stories "Dog's Eye" by Alieh Atai Investigating the lost identities of Afghan immigrants due to the stigma of nationality in the collection of stories "Dog's Eye" by Alieh Atai 121 144 23809 2634.20.80.121 FA Ayoob Moradi 0000-0001-6167-6336 Journal Article Alia Ataiee, an Iranian-Afghan writer, has used the issues and problems of Afghan immigrants living in Iran as the subject of her storytelling in the collection "Dog's Eye". Immigrants, most of whom have been harassed by the inhabitants of the host country because of their nationality, and this has had a significant impact on their behavior and social interactions. The present study seeks to investigate and describe the behavior of the characters in the stories of this series based on the principles of Goffman's thought, especially in the context of the national stigma. The results show that the behaviors and social interactions of the characters in the stories "Like Galileo", "Backyard", "Death of aunt Homa" and "Balkhi elephant" are affected by the heat of national stigma and in the story "Thirty Kilometers" are affected by the heat of physical stigma. The issue that has caused these characters to suffer from unbalanced mental states and irrational actions in the process of recovering their lost identities. Alia Ataiee, an Iranian-Afghan writer, has used the issues and problems of Afghan immigrants living in Iran as the subject of her storytelling in the collection "Dog's Eye". Immigrants, most of whom have been harassed by the inhabitants of the host country because of their nationality, and this has had a significant impact on their behavior and social interactions. The present study seeks to investigate and describe the behavior of the characters in the stories of this series based on the principles of Goffman's thought, especially in the context of the national stigma. The results show that the behaviors and social interactions of the characters in the stories "Like Galileo", "Backyard", "Death of aunt Homa" and "Balkhi elephant" are affected by the heat of national stigma and in the story "Thirty Kilometers" are affected by the heat of physical stigma. The issue that has caused these characters to suffer from unbalanced mental states and irrational actions in the process of recovering their lost identities.

https://lire.modares.ac.ir/article_23809_bc59e38bc67f18b4ab36cd450302b8c6.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Literary Research 1735-2932 20 80 2023 04 21 Bases of historical-cultural incongruity in contemporary poetry based on Mehdi Akhavan Sales,s poem Bases of historical-cultural incongruity in contemporary poetry based on Mehdi Akhavan Sales,s poem 145 170 23810 2634.20.80.145 FA Fatemeh Hedayatnezhad 0000-0001-9720-8315 Reza Satari 0000-0002-5390-2230 Mohammad Taghi Ghezelsofla Journal Article The life experience of Iranian man in the transition period shows that, despite his efforts, he is still unable to fully understand the requirements of the modern world and is constantly hesitating between the two traditional and modern worlds. The feedback of this problem is profoundly obvious in contemporary culture, so that it caused an incongruity in our history and culture. Incongruity doesn’t mean the existence of different and heterogeneous elements together, but the simultaneous presence asynchronous things. historical-cultural incongruity is evident in contemporary poetry as one of the basics of society’s culture, especially the poetry of Akhavan, one of the contemporary modern poets. This descriptive- analytical article attempts to reveal the reasons and bases of historical-cultural incongruity in contemporary poetry and its manifestation in Akhavan’s poems and exploring the historical experience of modernity in Iran in the meantime. This survey shows that Akhavan’s poem contains incongruities in three domains, including, form and content, language and format. It means that the form of poetry is modern but it’s content, instead of representing modern values, similar to European critics of modernity, criticizes west and it’s values. Furthermore, the usage of old language beside new one and concurrent use of old formats of Persian poetry and Nima’i poetry, is an indicator of incongruity in Akhavan’s poems. The life experience of Iranian man in the transition period shows that, despite his efforts, he is still unable to fully understand the requirements of the modern world and is constantly hesitating between the two traditional and modern worlds. The feedback of this problem is profoundly obvious in contemporary culture, so that it caused an incongruity in our history and culture. Incongruity doesn’t mean the existence of different and heterogeneous elements together, but the simultaneous presence asynchronous things. historical-cultural incongruity is evident in contemporary poetry as one of the basics of society’s culture, especially the poetry of Akhavan, one of the contemporary modern poets. This descriptive- analytical article attempts to reveal the reasons and bases of historical-cultural incongruity in contemporary poetry and its manifestation in Akhavan’s poems and exploring the historical experience of modernity in Iran in the meantime. This survey shows that Akhavan’s poem contains incongruities in three domains, including, form and content, language and format. It means that the form of poetry is modern but it’s content, instead of representing modern values, similar to European critics of modernity, criticizes west and it’s values. Furthermore, the usage of old language beside new one and concurrent use of old formats of Persian poetry and Nima’i poetry, is an indicator of incongruity in Akhavan’s poems.

https://lire.modares.ac.ir/article_23810_63168d42036e611d664ef366dc1bf40e.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University Literary Research 1735-2932 20 80 2023 04 21 The two-way relationship between love and morality in the personality of women in Khosrow and Shirin Nezami The two-way relationship between love and morality in the personality of women in Khosrow and Shirin Nezami 171 195 23811 2634.20.80.171 FA Shekofa Yaghmaei 0000-0003-3197-4900 Mahmoud Sadeghzadeh 0000-0002-5651-3150 Hadi Heidarinia Naeeni 0000-0002-1733-8126 Journal Article This research aims to analyze and investigate the two-way relationship between love and morality in the character of women of Khosrow's and Shirin Nizami's systems in a descriptive-analytical way and with a library method. By examining the poem of Khosrow and Shirin, we can conclude that this poem is based on the love between people and the topic of ethics and moral virtues has a high position in this story. According to the structure of the story, Nizami has written the story in a suitable format for indirectly projecting ideas and teaching moral issues to the readers. This research aims to analyze and investigate the two-way relationship between love and morality in the character of women of Khosrow's and Shirin Nizami's systems in a descriptive-analytical way and with a library method. By examining the poem of Khosrow and Shirin, we can conclude that this poem is based on the love between people and the topic of ethics and moral virtues has a high position in this story. According to the structure of the story, Nizami has written the story in a suitable format for indirectly projecting ideas and teaching moral issues to the readers.

https://lire.modares.ac.ir/article_23811_3f6e4c5abb908a8ac7ca70a2a8fad69c.pdf